DR. M. A ALIKHAN

"PEACE & VIOLENCE"

 

The good book says that the humans "are blunderers and at a loss."  The problem appears to be our "limbic system" that generates all our emotions (anger, happiness, pleasure and sadness, dominance and jealousy, love and hate) and is also the seat of our religious beliefs.  As all brain activity is generated by chemical electricity, both emotions and beliefs are tightly bonded to each other. The activity of the limbic system is further magnified by our hormones, that provide us with qualities and tools to make us a better fit in our environment. The filtration system (or the Central Nervous organ) that exerts almost total control on emotions and beliefs is our cerebrum (or the conscious brain, the thinking part), which controls all our voluntary actions (actions which we can either magnify or completely abolish, like hitting or kissing someone). Our immediate environment (as we perceive it) also has a great influence on our public behaviour and perception of events.

     Thus, it is a human tendency to dominate not within our own species (tribe or family) but also over other species (the rutting season in male deer's, wild dogs and mountain goats, in order to gain the right to breed, as well as the defense of the territory are prime examples of the phenomenon). Similarly, religious sensibility and freedom of speech fall within the same category.  Each individual wants to have the freedom to criticize every other (including their beliefs) but is very protective (and sensitive) of her/his own holy cow.

    All societies in general are male dominated, in which the males of the family (or tribe) control the breeding rights, as well as the public behavior of their women and children (who are given the status of the "honor of the family or tribe," while the political and religion thought is strictly controlled by the community at large. After the Industrial revolution, Europeans societies cast off the shackles of most paternalist tendencies, and the citizens more or less became tolerant of freedom of speech and religious tolerance.  Furthermore, various movements within the European societies (e.g., Martin Luther's protestant movement; separation of the Anglican Church from the Roman Church) helped the separation of state and religion from each other (“Pay to Caesar what is due Caesar and give to God what is due to God.” ).The battle for enlightenment in Europe was about the church's desire to place limits on thought. Diderot's novel "La Religieuse," with its portrayal of nuns and their behavior, was deliberately blasphemous: It challenged religious authority, with its indexes and inquisitions, on what was possible to say. Most of Europe's contemporary ideas about freedom of speech and imagination come from that Enlightenment.

    Unfortunately, we Muslims have not undergone such an experience,  and unlike majority of the European societies we have remained trapped in our past.  This is also reflected in the way we are ruled.  Thus, whereas most industrialized countries are well established free democracies, we are still being  ruled by despotic dictators or kings, who create mindless greedy  goons from among us to enforce draconian measures to control the thoughts and behavior of their citizens at large, while free thinking writers and intellectuals are tortured and rot in jail cells under miserable conditions.

    Offense and insult are part of everyday life for everyone in free industrialized societies. All one has to do is open a daily newspaper and there's plenty to offend. Or one can walk into the religion section of a bookshop and discover that one is damned to various kinds of eternal hellfire, which is certainly insulting, not to say a cause to kill. But, as Salman Rushdie points out that there can be no free society  in which people would never be offended or insulted, or in which they might have the right to call on the law to defend them against being offended or insulted (http://www.pen.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/164).  According to him,  "democracy is not a tea party where people sit around making polite conversation. In democracies, people get extremely upset with each other. They argue vehemently against each other's positions. (But they don't shoot.)"   
    At Cambridge University, students are taught that they never should personalize, but they should have absolutely no respect for the opinion of others. They should never be rude to the person, but they should be savagely cruel about what the person says and thinks. This is a crucial distinction: People must be protected from discrimination by virtue of their race, but one cannot ring-fence their ideas. The moment we say that our ideology (may it be religious belief system or secular)  is sacred, the moment we declare a set of ideas to be immune from criticism, satire, derision or contempt, freedom of thought disappears into thin air.(http://www.pen.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/164).     

    Thus, we, Muslims should learn to shake off our sociatial baggage, and learn to carry on an intelligent dialogue, without running for the flag and the sword, and then perhaps we will be able to redeem ourselves in the eyes of our God, the Prophet and the Nations of the world in general.

Regards

 

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