AKBER CHAOUDHRY

  Dear Rafi,

I do not want to prolong the debate, but just wanted to point out something that you wrote regarding electrons:

How the above two things happen? The answer is not known yet. Does that mean quantum mechanics is not science?

I believe you are mixing observations and theories. What you mention are strange observations by scientists with NO theory to explain it. Newton proposed theories to explain observations. Einstein then proposed a theory to explain the discrepancies in observations when judged against Newton's laws. Quantum mechanics was a "quantum leap" to try to explain discrepancies at the sub-atomic level.

Similary, the observations of Darwin and scientists since then are exciting and intriguing, but do not deserve to be called a theory as they do not postulate a solution. Evolution has two parts: speciation and changes within a species. While Natural Selection and Artificial Selection are genetically sound and explained they address the latter. Until someone comes up with a plausible mathematical model, with enough scientific proof to show how exactly speciation may have occurred, and how it may occur in the future, it is not even a theory -- for it does not explain the how.

Two very simple questions: will Homo Sapiens sub-speciate? If not, why not? If yes, when and under what circumstances? :) See, no one knows the answer, because there is no scientific model -- in other words, there is NO THEORY of speciation.

I hope that you see that mere observations of strange things does not constitute a theory. Darwin concluded that his conclusions about speciation were analogies only and guesses -- and no one since has provided any theory about that. Darwin's theory is about Natural Selection -- the discovery that Nature acts as a big horse-breeder or cat-breeder -- and MAYBE species originated that way.

It has recently been discovered that lions and tigers can inter-breed artificially. Let us get back to humans:

Between 10 and 2 mya (million years ago) an abundance of ape/homo/australopithecus creatures appear. Scientists talk about the "geographical isolation" of the Rift Valley and "rain barrier" etc. etc. All proven to be nonsense recently -- fossils found even in the deepest rainforests all the way to China. The rainforests of Africa have remained quite the same. Homo sapiens shows up in Neanderthal form about 200,000 years ago -- that is 25 times recorded history :) and in modern form about 30,000 years ago -- that is about 4 multiples of recorded history. Small variations of body size and molars and muscles have existed since, which is natural selection.

So, the questions are:
1. what caused human speciation without geographical isolation and climatic changes (homo is too widespread)
2. what caused other homo taxa to die out at the outset of modern man - Homo has never been cannibalistic.
3. Will Homo sapiens sub-speciate? If yes, under what circumstances? If not, why not?

Some scientists are proposing that the evolution of Homo sapiens may have been "cultural" -- that religion and culture and social organization may have been much stronger causes of the genetic isolation of Homo sapiens that biological natural selection :) I'll provide you with references if you do not find. I will leave the repercussions of this up to a fertile imagination.

As you see, Rafi, the science is not clear-cut and some parts of it do not reach the "level" of theory. If you disagree, we can postulate what a theory is, and go from there -- if you have time. If you would like, we can carry it offline. My goal here is to learn more for continued refinement of one's ideas and positions.
 
 
  
 
 


 

 
 

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